LOD (Level of Detail) Expressions in Tableau
Types of LOD Expressions in Tableau
- FIXED
- INCLUDE
- EXCLUDE
There are three types of LOD expressions in Tableau:
FIXED: The FIXED LOD expression calculates values based on specific dimensions, regardless of the dimensions present in the visualisation. It creates a virtual level of detail for the calculation. For example, {FIXED [Category]: SUM([Sales])} would calculate the total sales for each category, irrespective of other dimensions used in the visualisation.
INCLUDE: The INCLUDE LOD expression calculates values at the specified level while incorporating the dimension(s) used in the visualisation. It allows you to aggregate data for a specific dimension while considering other dimensions in the visualisation. For example, {INCLUDE [Region]: AVG([Profit])} would calculate the average profit for each region, considering all other dimensions in the visualisation.
EXCLUDE: The EXCLUDE LOD expression calculates values at the specified level while excluding the dimension(s) used in the visualisation. It enables you to aggregate data for a specific dimension while ignoring other dimensions in the visualisation. For example, {EXCLUDE [Product]: SUM([Revenue])} would calculate the total revenue for each product, excluding any other dimensions present.
FIXED LOD Tableau Function
In Tableau, the FIXED Level of Detail (LOD) is the widely used function that allows you to perform calculations using specific dimensions, irrespective of the dimensions present in the visualisation. It creates a virtual level of detail for the calculation, providing precise control over your analysis's granularity.
Steps to Create a FIXED Level of Detail Tableau Function
In Tableau, the FIXED Level of Detail (LOD) function allows you to perform calculations using specific dimensions, irrespective of the dimensions present in the visualisation. It creates a virtual level of detail for the calculation, providing precise control over your analysis's granularity.
The steps to create the FIXED LOD function are as follows:
- • Create a calculated field. (This can be done by clicking on the drop-down next to the “Search” bar in the dimension pane or by selecting “Analysis” and selecting “Create Calculated Field”)
- • Type in the FIXED LOD Formula in the calculated field and drop the field into the view.
- • We can obtain the syntax of the FIXED expressions when we search for “Aggregate” functions in the calculated field.
Example
The following FIXED level of detail expression computes the sum of sales per region:
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In Tableau, "Level of Detail" (LOD) expressions are a powerful feature that allows you to perform calculations at different granularities within your data. With LOD expressions, you can control the level at which an aggregation or calculation takes place, regardless of the visualisation's dimensions.
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At Beinex, we cultivate an exceptional atmosphere for work, learning, and professional growth. Our ethos revolves around a positive culture infused with passion, creating a self-sustaining cycle of success. This unique blend makes working at Beinex both meaningful and enjoyable. The atmosphere exudes a cool vibe, where supporting and respecting each other's individuality is ingrained in our cultural fabric.
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Notably, our Trust Index© Feedback on the Credibility of Management stands tall at 85, highlighting the high level of trust and confidence our employees have in the leadership team.
The active participation and honest feedback during the survey were instrumental in achieving these outstanding scores. It's inspiring to witness the alignment of our values and the positive impact it has on the overall trust within our organization.
Here's a brief overview of the key dimensions that contributed to our success:
Respect for People:
Fairness at the Workplace:
Pride:
Camaraderie Between People:
We would also like to express our gratitude to the Great Place to Work® Institute for their rigorous assessment, helping us understand and enhance our workplace culture.
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Moving forward, we will continue working together to maintain and build upon this foundation of trust. Your dedication, commitment, and contributions have been instrumental in cultivating a positive workplace environment, and we are grateful for each one of you.
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During the assessment process, the institute gauged the perceptions of Beinex's employees using the Great Place to Work® Trust Index© Employee Survey. Additionally, they delved into the distinctive culture of our organisation through the Culture Brief© and Culture Audit©, offering invaluable insights that contribute to the continuous enhancement of our workplace environment.
What is Agentic AI?
Unlike traditional AI models that rely on static predictions, Agentic AI operates dynamically, making independent decisions, adapting to new situations, and optimizing processes autonomously.
Key Capabilities of Agentic AI
Agentic AI is more versatile than GenAI, and it can:
• Sense & Interpret – Understand real-time data, identify anomalies, and detect trends.
• Act & Decide – Take actions based on goals, risk factors, and evolving scenarios.
• Learn & Adapt – Improve continuously through feedback loops and reinforcement learning.
Agentic AI vs. Generative AI: The Key Differences
While traditional AI analyzes data and identifies patterns, GenAI creates content and generates images and code through prompts or instructions. Agentic AI is autonomous and doesn’t rely entirely on prompts. It makes independent decisions, acts, and adapts to changing situations with minimal human input. The main differences between Agentic AI and GenAI are as follows:
| GenAI | Agentic AI |
|---|---|
| Creates new content like text, images, videos, audio, code, etc. | Makes autonomous decisions and performs tasks |
| Reactive response to user input, i.e., the output generated will be based on the prompt received. | Proactive approach: It acts independently with minimal or no human oversight. |
| Generates creative and original content | Does not create content but makes decisions. |
| Limited to generating responses based on trained data | Analyzes situations, reasons, and takes actions autonomously |
| Engages with users by generating text, images, or media based on input | Interacts with its environment, making real-time decisions |
| Use cases: SEO content, marketing copy, chatbot responses, code generation | Use cases: Self-driving cars, autonomous virtual assistants, workflow automation, financial risk analysis |
| Examples: ChatGPT, DALL·E, MidJourney, Copilot | Examples: Tesla Autopilot, virtual assistants (e.g., Google Assistant with enhanced autonomy), AI-driven workflow management systems |
Top Benefits of Agentic AI: Why Businesses Need It
In a world of complex risks, volatile markets, and increasing regulatory pressure, static AI models fall short. Organizations need AI that proactively thinks ahead, mitigates risks, and unlocks new efficiencies across industries.
The key benefits of Agentic AI are listed below:
• Execute autonomous, goal-directed actions and decision-making.
• Engage in proactive problem-solving instead of reactive responses.
• Carry out complex reasoning and long-term planning.
• Learn and adapt autonomously with minimal human oversight.
How Agentic AI Gives Businesses a Competitive Edge
The rise of AI-first companies means businesses that embrace Agentic AI will gain a competitive edge, leveraging:
• Self-learning AI agents that evolve with business needs.
• Automated decision systems that operate with minimal human intervention.
• AI-native enterprise ecosystems that seamlessly integrate with digital workflows.
Comprehensive List of Agentic AI Tools & Use Cases
Agentic AI refers to AI systems that act autonomously, making decisions and performing multi-step tasks with minimal human intervention. Below are some real-world tools and use cases of Agentic AI across various industries:
| Industry | Agentic AI Use Cases | Agentic AI Tools / Examples | Business Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Assistants | Autonomous AI task execution | AutoGPT, BabyAGI | Automates workflows, reduces manual effort |
| Self-Driving Vehicles | Autonomous navigation & decision-making | Tesla Autopilot, Waymo | Enhances safety, reduces human intervention |
| Robotics | AI-powered automation in warehouses | Boston Dynamics’ Spot, Amazon Robots | Reduces human risk, improves efficiency |
| Finance & Trading | AI-driven autonomous trading | Numerai AI Hedge Fund, Kavout Kai AI | Optimizes investments, minimizes risk |
| Healthcare | AI-powered diagnosis & treatment planning | IBM Watson Health, Qventus AI | Improves accuracy, streamlines patient care |
| Cybersecurity | Threat detection & autonomous response | Darktrace, CrowdStrike Falcon AI | Prevents cyberattacks, enhances security |
| Smart Cities | AI-driven traffic & energy optimization | Google DeepMind AI, AI Traffic Systems | Reduces congestion, lowers energy costs |
| Enterprise AI | AI-driven workflow automation | UiPath AI RPA, Adept ACT-1 | Increases productivity, minimizes errors |
| Retail & E-commerce | Autonomous inventory & order management | Amazon Warehouse AI, AI Chatbots | Optimizes supply chains, improves CX |
| Personal AI Assistants | AI-driven memory & task management | Rewind AI, Inflection AI Pi | Enhances productivity, personalized insights |
List of Key Applications of Agentic AI
The major applications of Agentic AI are diverse and can be employed across various domains such as:
• Banking & Financial Services – AI-driven fraud prevention, adaptive risk management, and autonomous trading.
• Healthcare & Life Sciences – Personalized AI-powered treatments, real-time diagnostics, and proactive patient monitoring.
• Risk & Compliance – AI-driven audits, self-regulating compliance frameworks, and dynamic risk assessment.
• Supply Chain & Logistics – Autonomous demand forecasting, intelligent inventory management, and AI-driven logistics.
• Cloud & Digital Transformation – Self-optimizing cloud infrastructures, real-time automation, and AI-powered cybersecurity.
How Beinex is Leading the Agentic AI Revolution
At Beinex, we are pioneering Agentic AI solutions that enable businesses to shift from reactive decision-making to intelligent automation. Our expertise spans:
• AI-powered GRC (Governance, Risk & Compliance) – Ensuring real-time regulatory adherence.
• AI-driven financial transformation – Fraud detection, customer intelligence, and risk modeling.
• Cloud-first AI ecosystems – Enabling adaptive, self-learning enterprise solutions
The Future of Agentic AI: Are You Ready?
As AI governance, ethical AI, and real-time automation evolve, businesses embracing Agentic AI will define the next digital transformation era. The question is no longer if AI can optimize business operations; it’s how fast your business can adapt to AI that thinks, learns, and acts. Interested? Let’s connect for a free assessment: https://beinex.com/contact-us/As financial systems become increasingly complex, fraud methods evolve accordingly. This blog covers the different types of digital banking fraud, including the fundamentals, emerging digital trends, global trends, and regulatory responses. Additionally, the blog highlights some of the most infamous bank fraud and financial crimes that reveal weaknesses in the financial system, serving as strong reminders of why constant vigilance in money is essential.
Understanding What is Bank Fraud
Bank fraud and financial crimes have affected economies worldwide, and the Middle East is no exception. From cyberattacks to fake loan applications, fraud comes in different forms. They target businesses, individuals, and financial institutions. Banking fraud includes deceitful practices designed to gain unauthorized access to money, financial assets, or confidential information, bringing huge financial losses to banks and damaging their reputation. Fraudsters are evolving, making it a necessity for banks to adopt proactive strategies in fighting financial crime. Several top-class fraud cases and money laundering scandals reveal weaknesses in banking regulations, which lead to fiscal instability and loss of trust. With the advances in technology, traditional fraud has taken new digital forms. Let’s examine the major types of digital banking fraud today.
Different Types of Digital Banking Frauds
Financial crimes in banking have become a significant concern, making it crucial for banks to adopt AI-driven technologies to tackle the threats. Let’s look at some of the different types of digital banking frauds: Identity Theft & Account Takeover: Fraudsters steal private information like credit card details, passwords, and social security numbers to get unauthorized access to accounts and make fund transfers and purchases. Mule Accounts & Money Laundering: Mule accounts are operated by money mules recruited by fraudsters or money launderers to transfer illicit funds while masking the identity of the true beneficiary. Scammers use mule accounts in the money laundering process to move money across different accounts, countries, or currencies, making it harder to detect. Phishing: It involves misleading individuals into disclosing sensitive information or executing specific actions that compromise their accounts. Fraudsters pose as legitimate organizations using emails, phone calls, or texts, creating a sense of urgency to prompt victims into action. Malware & Trojans: They are malicious software that, when installed on a customer's device, extracts confidential and private data. It enables fraudsters to control customers' online activities and access their devices remotely. Mobile Banking App Fraud: This happens when fraudsters create fake mobile banking apps imitating the real app to steal information. People usually fall into the trap of these fake apps by downloading from app stores or through phishing emails. Social Engineering Scams: It is a digital banking fraud that psychologically manipulates customers by tricking them into providing sensitive information through phishing emails, phone calls, or text messages that appear legit. There are different types of digital banking fraud, including online banking password theft, ATM skimming, digital wallet fraud, SMS, and text message fraud. Other types of financial fraud include mortgage fraud, loan scams, money laundering, employee fraud, Ponzi schemes, investment fraud, etc. While the above-mentioned digital fraud types are prevalent, fraud continually evolves, leading to new trends.What’s Next? The Emerging Trends in Financial Crime You Need to Know
As new technologies emerge, fraudsters get smarter, and financial crimes evolve rapidly, becoming more sophisticated. Here are some of the key rising trends in fraud. AI-Generated Phishing: Cybercriminals harness AI to create persuasive phishing emails and messages, imitating context, tone, and communication patterns, making them even more difficult to detect. Deepfake-Enabled Scams: With the accessibility of deepfake technology, scammers now create hyperrealistic images, videos, and audio to impersonate bank officials and executives to authorize fake transactions, scheme employees into sharing confidential data, etc. Crypto-Related Frauds: Cryptocurrencies have opened up new roads to illicit financial activities like money laundering, crypto wallet thefts, etc., targeting beginners and seasoned investors. As much as AI helps prevent financial fraud, it also enables cybercriminals to handle such crimes. From automating attacks to tailoring scams to individual targets to evading fraud-detection systems, scammers could misuse the power of AI to extort huge amounts of money from financial institutions and individuals. However, AI can effectively serve as a critical line of defense for banks. Here are some examples of how AI helps prevent crimes and outsmart cybercriminals. Pattern Recognition: To identify anomalies and hidden fraud patterns by analyzing extensive datasets through machine learning models. Real-Time Monitoring: To detect unusual behavior and flag suspicious transactions faster. Biometric Authentication: To verify identities more accurately through voice ID, facial recognition, and behavioral biometrics. AI in KYC: To perform transaction monitoring, customer identification, and risk mitigation faster and more accurately using automated algorithms. Anti-Money Laundering, Driven by AI: To reduce false positives, detect patterns and anomalies in real-time, and boost compliance and risk management efforts.Some Banking Scandals That Shook the System: Indicators Why Fighting Financial Crimes is Necessary
According to a survey by Visa, Dubai Police, and Dubai Economy (DED), 39% of UAE consumers reported being targeted by online fraud. Of these, 27% fell victim to phishing attacks, 19% experienced credit card fraud, and 17% were affected by counterfeit goods.[Reference Link: https://www.arabianbusiness.com/industries/banking-finance/466063-cashs-popularity-subsides-even-as-online-fraud-rises ] Here are a few major bank fraud and financial crimes that happened in the Middle East. 1. A major private equity firm in the UAE collapsed in 2018 due to financial fraud. The investors' funds, including money for health projects, were misused, resulting in billions of losses, legal action, and increased control of private equity regulations in the region. Key Takeaways: • Financial transparency and accountability are paramount to building investor trust.
• Continuous auditing and meticulous review must be implemented to prevent mismanagement of funds. [Reference Link: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-07/what-s-been-learned-who-s-charged-in-abraaj-collapse-quicktake ] 2. A prominent business group in KSA orchestrated one of the largest financial frauds in the region, securing billions of dollars from the bank using fake documents and fraudulent loans. The scandal has sparked a legal battle and led to economic instability in the region, highlighting the importance of stronger risk management for lending practices. Key Takeaways: • Effective risk management is pivotal in preventing fraud.
• Implementing robust verification processes aids in comprehensively validating documents and loan requests. [Reference Link: https://www.news24.com/Tycoon-up-for-10bn-theft-20090718 ] 3. A huge corruption scheme worth 11.5 billion riyals was exposed by Saudi authorities. The scam involved bank officials, business people, and expatriates. The investigation revealed that the bank employees took bribes from an organized gang, which included fake commercial entities and accounts used to transfer illicit funds abroad. The scheme exploited bank positions and led to financial fraud, resulting in significant losses and damaging the financial system's integrity. Key Takeaways: • Financial systems must ensure transparency and accountability and comply with anti-money laundering (AML) standards.
• Banks must implement effective internal controls and anti-corruption measures to prevent fraud and ensure employees act in the institution's best interests. [Reference Link: Saudi Arabia: Massive fraud worth SR11.5 billion uncovered ] Strengthening bank surveillance, enforcing stricter conformance measures, and promoting corporate accountability are important to prevent future financial crimes in the region.
Regulatory Responses to the Surging Financial Crimes in the ME
Banks need strict regulations to prevent bank fraud and financial crimes, including Anti-Money Laundering (AML), enforcement of customer requirements (KYC), and increasing supervisory authority. Financial crime in the Middle East reveals a key gap between banking regulations and risk management. While governments and supervisory authorities are taking steps to improve transparency, fraudsters continue to find new ways to use the system. Here's a quick overview of some of the regulations in the region:Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE)
• Regulates banks, payment service providers, and finance and insurance companies at the federal level.• Supports economic growth and promotes monetary and financial stability through effective surveillance, careful reserve management, and policy development aligned with global best practices.
Abu Dhabi Global Markets (ADGM)
• Regulates diverse financial entities, including asset managers, brokers, hedge funds, financial advisers, investment firms, and insurance intermediaries.• Offers company registration and incorporation, different legal structures, regulatory support, and dispute resolution- all under a strong, advanced regulatory framework.
Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA)
• Established robust regulations to safeguard KSA's financial sector's stability and security.• Key areas include anti-money laundering, consumer protection, cybersecurity, risk management, anti-money laundering (AML), and consumer protection. Besides these regulatory bodies, banks in the MENA region must adhere to global regulations such as Basel III, Anti-Money Laundering (AML) laws, and Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements. They must also comply with international standards, including Counter-Terrorist Financing (CTF), Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Is your bank equipped to stand up to modern fraud threats? Get a FREE AI-powered fraud resilience assessment from Beinex and identify vulnerabilities- before fraudsters do! Start a FREE Assessment NOW!
For instance, the dashboard given below mirrors a project undertaken for a client seeking insights into the pandemic's impact on their business across specific areas. They wanted to determine the number of stores stocking their product within a defined radius, highlighting the local business impact amid the pandemic.
To craft the map showcased in this dashboard, we leverage Tableau's map layers feature introduced in version 2020.4. For further insights into this functionality, additional details can be found here.
Prior to initiating the map creation process, frequently refer to the Profit Margin field. Here's the calculation for this field: it computes the percentage of Sales that translates into Profit. This calculation enables us to gauge the profitability derived from our sales figures.
For the States map layer, the State field is utilized and placed on the 'Detail' shelf. Each state is color-coded based on its Profit Margin.
Moving to the Cities layer, the City field is added onto the top left area labeled "Add a Marks Layer." To ensure the visibility of every city, the State level of detail is included as well. This accounts for cities existing in multiple states, displaying every city/state combination. Cities are color-coded using the Profit Margin field, with additional color based on the absolute value of the Profit Margin. This helps visualize the range and direction of profitability for each city.

Buffer Calculation
The Buffer calculation generates a radius, known as a "buffer," around a specific map point, defined within the syntax parameters. Here's the syntax breakdown for the Buffer: The initial part determines the center location, followed by the distance around the point, and finally, the chosen unit of measurement.
To establish the desired centroid point, we employ the Makepoint function. This function simply utilizes latitude and longitude coordinates to generate a point on the map. Below is the calculation illustrating its usage.
To achieve the interactivity you desire, you'll begin by creating three parameters: [Location Lat], [Location Long], and [Radius]. These parameters offer flexibility, allowing you to adjust them within the dashboard interface.
As you click on different cities, the [Location Lat] and [Location Long] fields dynamically change, altering the central point. Meanwhile, the [Radius] field, functioning as an input parameter, enables you to modify the radius distance according to your preferences. This setup grants you personalized control over these parameters directly within the dashboard.
With the creation of the final map layer field, you can now drag this field to the top left of the map and add it to the existing layers. Once done, you'll have all the map layers integrated into the map, allowing you to recreate the dashboard as depicted below. This comprehensive setup will mirror the dashboard layout and functionality.
Parameter Actions
Parameter Actions are essential at this stage to ensure dynamic interaction within the map layers. By implementing parameter actions, we enable the Location Lat and Location Long fields to adjust dynamically when clicking on a city. This action directly affects the MAKEPOINT() field within the Buffer calculation, effectively altering the radius location. Below, you can observe the setup of the parameter action and how it facilitates this dynamic transformation.
Finally, we aim for these parameters to influence the available metrics showcased at the top of the dashboard. These metrics offer insights into the concentration of profit and profit margin within the selected radius. Below, you'll find the supporting calculations and the formulae for the metrics displayed on the dashboard. These metrics serve as indicators of profitability and profit margin concentration within the chosen radius.
Wrapping up, creating interactive data visualizations opens doors to explore and comprehend information, fostering informed decision-making and exploration of new analytical paths.

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